Design Differences in Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research :: sociology,

The design differences in qualitative research in comparison to quantitative research plainly seen are these: qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects; quantitative involves data in the form of numbers and statistics. The researcher uses in-depth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects view their world. In quantitative research the researcher uses precise measurement to predict hypotheses. In qualitative research the researcher changes the environment of the subject and uses these in-depth questionnaires to find differing attitudes about the world we live in. Quantitative can be personal, such as in periodic visits with the researchers to analysis symptoms and record data. Qualitative and quantitative can overlap in the in-dept interview process in quantitative research to record data and test subjects for symptoms. The two designs can overlap but there are finally differences such as numerical data collection and statistics that will always b e at odds. I will always disagree with the statement that quantitative research is impersonal since experience is the best knowledge to know that is not true even though on the surface quantitative research seems impersonal because raw data is obtained. It first begins with the interview in both methods. Then it progresses and branches off into two very different methods. The human quality is there throughout the study in quantitative research though you are required to impute data into the system daily. When you meet with the researchers periodically you are reminded of the human quality. Researchers in all research care about their subjects, if even in professional way. In ending, these are the definitive differences between the two methods that are most recognized: The quantitative method first involves a theory and hypothesis clearly stated in the beginning, the qualitative methods do not formulate a hypothesis until the end of the study. Secondly, the quantitative method involves manipulation and control. An example of manipulation is the drug the control is the placebo. The drug is the instrument, you are being experimented on, the data you give is analyzed and a theory or hypothesis is reasoned. Then the data is reduced to statistics that are abstract and understandable by statististitians. Secondly in comparison, qualitative research ends with the hypothesis, involves emergence and portrayal of the world through the subjects eyes, the researcher changes the subjects environment so the he/she can observe how the subject reacts in certain ways, the researcher measures emotional responses and is directly involved in the research as being a confederate, or an impartial observer.

English Studies Reflection paper Essay

One should assume that in taking an Intro to English course that they would be formally and informally introduced to English. However, that assumption escaped me. I didn’t know that we would explore so many avenues for English as a major, but I’m pleased that we did. This journey through the various areas of English has both enlightened me and piqued my interest. While I entered into this course feeling very confident with the path that I wanted to travel, I am now a bit more open-minded about additional ways to reach my destination; which is English Education. As an English teacher I can see the roles that each area of study that we covered could potentially play in education for me as well as my future students. When I consider Publishing Studies and what it has to offer, I immediately think of projects I could assign my students. Publishing studies takes a book in its skeletal state and constructs all the layers until it becomes a live and fully functioning piece of art. Publishing studies in a sense is the production phase of the books we read. It is where the book goes to develop. It starts with the brains of the operation or the writer. Once the writer creates the manuscript it is then passed on to the heartbeat of the process. There are various organs within that cause the heart to function. Those organs include the designer of the cover, the designer of the layout and even the editors. The area of production studies is a well-oiled machine working to produce the fully developed body of the writers’ creation. However, without linguistics what words would the writer use to even create such a masterpiece?

Monitoring Internet Communication

The Internet has for many become a symbol of freedom – freedom of communication, human interaction, and flow of information. People all over the world can with ease submit their ideas and feelings to this virtual medium and retrieve from it the equally free ideas of other people. However, some claim that Internet communication does not have to be as free as it is. Instead, it needs to be monitored to prevent its usage as a medium for terrorist organisations, drug dealers, fraudsters, and other criminal or unlawful groupings. Others point out that Internet is virtually the only way for people with oppressive regimes to access information that will present them with an objective picture of the outside world. While there are reasons for both points, free speech should take precedence in democratic nations, and therefore Internet monitoring is a harmful practice. Such monitoring is in fact a violation of free speech, one of the inalienable human rights. Generations of thinkers and revolutionaries lost their lives for the triumph of democracy that is only possible with free speech as one of its cornerstones. If the American journalists, for instance, had been deprived of the right to criticise Presidents, senators, congressmen, and other political leaders, it is hard to imagine what the nation would have turned into. Constant monitoring of political leaders is what gives the nation a chance to remain democratic. On the other hand, nations like China are banning certain websites to blind their citizens to what is going on in the rest of the world. This shows that freedom of speech is a hallmark of a democratic nation, and monitoring Internet communication violates these rights. Giving an individual person the right to know constitutes the respect of the autonomy of an individual. A human being has the right to access information pertaining to different spheres of life and should not be restricted in this ability by the opinion of the few. Since, if Internet communication is to be monitored to ban, for instance, pornographic material, the question arises: who will be the people that will decide what is pornography and what is not? The Ancient Greek statues could easily be termed inappropriate by some medieval priest. Putting access to information at the judgement of a few obscure individuals will make these people make decisions for all, and there is no guarantee that their judgement will help society make better choices. A popular objection that without monitoring Internet content someone â€Å"might unknowingly visit a Web site with this material and cause him- or herself mental harm† does not seem valid either (Garlock, 1999). The problem is that Internet is like life in the sense that it encompasses a great deal of its variety and glory. You cannot shield yourself from harmful influences in life any more than you can on the Internet. If someone is disgusted, for instance, by the site of the sick and the crippled, no one will remove them from streets just to please the person. Similarly, the Internet has to contain images and information about the outside world that reflects its diversity. Therefore, no one can isolate oneself from harmful influence on the Internet since they reflect real life. Thus, monitoring Internet communication is hardly a valid idea. In the political realm, it will lead to restriction of freedom that can bring about the emergence of un-democratic regimes oppressing ill-informed citizens. On the other hand, giving people a free medium is one of the ways to save them from the state’s propaganda machine by letting them see alternative viewpoints. Monitoring is also a bad idea because it will put the individual at the mercy of a select group that will perform the monitoring in accordance with their own ideas and perceptions. Finally, the idea of using Internet as a means of protecting people from undesirable content does not hold simply because no one can hide in a ‘hole’ from real life. The only option is to go to sites that you yourself think proper for you and avoid troublesome content. With respect to others, one can paraphrase Voltaire’s words: â€Å"I disapprove of what you post, but I will defend to the death your right to place it online†. References Garlock, A. (1999). Internet Censorship. Retrieved April 25, 2006 Wollstein, J. Freedom of Speech Under Siege. Retrieved April 25, 2006, from http://www.serendipity.li/cda/freespee.html

Case Study: Out-Of-Town

This case study will examine four parts of out-of-town brown and the besieged probation supervisor. The first is what should Casey’s response be to the reporter concerning the agency’s recommendation. The second is if Casey elects to discuss her officer’s recommendation for some form of intermediate sanction, how can she justify such sanctions in general and in this case specifically. The third covers do you feel that the probation officer’s recommendation based on these facts is correct, why or why not.Lastly, which form of intermediate sanction would appear to hold the most promise for the offender in this case. Casey’s Response I would answer the phone and answer question with a brief conversation. I am standing by the decision the probation officer has recommended. The intermediate sanction is proper decision for a 23-year-old man who murdered his stepfather with a knife after suffering many years of physical and mental abuse. The young man had no prior record and had been an incest victim since he was 5 years old; he is considered an otherwise nonviolent person, a low recidivism risk.However, this call that I receiving from you, a well-known veteran local television anchor—a strong crusader in the local war against crime, is to deter me from agreeing with the probation officer. I know you know the young man will be sentenced tomorrow, but I want you to answer a few questions. Have you ever done something in your life where you could have been sent to prison? Don’t answer because I know the answer. Did this young man do something against society? Yes, he will and has payed for his crime. Intermediate sanctions are criminal sentences that fall between standard probation and incarceration.Intermediate sanctions can include house arrest, intensive probation, boot camps, electronic monitoring, and drug treatment programs. Intermediate sanctions serve a dual purpose in the criminal justice system. The reason I am agreeing with this sentence is because intermediate sanctions versus incarceration assist overcrowding and eases the burden from the prison system in the United States. I'd rather give him a chance than another prisoner who has killed several people for no apparent reason. The young man has been dealt horrible hand in life, and I think he can benefit from this sentencing.I think if this was your child, brother or even you would want a second chance. It is time for someone to help this man so he can become a productive citizen. The person without any sins shall cast the first stone. Society will get its justice, but a man will receive another chance at life. The agency has to make decisions that will be beneficial to society and the prison system. The sentence is not letting the young man go free, but he will sever in least restrictive setting to pay for his crime. Officer’s Recommendation And Such SanctionsThe 23 year-old-man who murdered his stepfather, after many years of s uffering mental and physical abuse, deserves an intermediate sanction. The probation officer has taken into account the entire situation to make this recommendation. The man’s several years of constant abuse, prior criminal record, and nonviolent characteristic outside of the incident are indications that the man may not react well to being in a prison. Intermediate sanctions are community-based corrections that are more restrictive than probation and less restrictive than prison (Potter, 2005).Intermediate sanctions are still effective because it incapacitates offenders enough to make committing new crimes extremely difficult, it is a deterrent to the desire to commit new crimes, and it protects the community (Peak, 2010). There are several options to employ to ensure the community is safe, and the offender is closely monitored. Intensive supervision, home confinement, electronic monitoring, and community correction centers are all different options that would be sufficient sanctions for the man and the community.There are several benefits to using some form of intermediate sanction for this case and future cases to come. Intermediate sanctions are cost-effective versus housing an inmate in prison or an institution (Potter, 2005). The offender has the ability to live in the community, contribute to the community, and receive support or treatment from treatment programs. By removing the prison facility from the equation, recidivism is reduced because offenders do not have to reintegrate back into society (Potter, 2005).Currently, this community is focused on the war on crime. The act that the 23 year-old-man committed is undoubtedly criminal. Furthermore, this department is committed to doing what is right. However, the 23 year-old-man is not the person to imprint retribution because he is also a victim. The intermediate sanction is not letting the man get off easy; he will still receive supervision and most importantly treatment. The man can make a pos itive impact on the community through community service and further supporting the war on crime.Probation Officer’s Recommendation I do not feel that the probation officer’s recommendation of â€Å"intermediate sanctions† is appropriate for the 23-year-old man. Although I do see that the young man was physically and mentally abused for years as he was also a victim of incest since he was five, he is still an adult. We also know â€Å"The young man had no prior record and had been an incest victim since he was 5 years old; he is considered an otherwise nonviolent person, a low recidivism risk† (Peak, 2010).I feel that the young man should receive jail time and not just intermediate sanctions. If he were a 13-year-old boy intermediate sanctions may be appropriate, but seeing that he is an adult I feel that jail time as well as intensive therapy and counseling is entirely necessary for him. The individual, although not stated, may definitely know the differe nce from what is right and wrong in life and he may have been able to at least get away from his father or notify the police of what his father has done to him and has been doing to him since he was a child.In some instances the individual may have been reliving the situations that his father had put him through and this may have triggered his response to kill his father; the crimes he committed are also violent in which I also believe intermediate sanctions is not appropriate for the young man. Knowing that the situation could have been handled a lot differently, the young man may not have killed his father and his father could have been the one incarcerated leaving the young man to seek therapy and counseling for his scarring of childhood.Since the young man was the victim to his father in previous and possibly current years, I feel that the individual should receive a sentence of voluntary manslaughter since he committed a crime without premeditation and leading to the murder he had a prior history of mitigating factors. â€Å"Mitigating factors show that the defendant poses less risk to society tha otherwise, so a lengthy sentence is unnecessary. Typical mitigating factors include the lack of a criminal history and the defendant’s acceptance of responsibility for the crime† (Thomson Reuters, 2013).While the individual receives his sentencing, it is vital that he also receives intensive therapy and counseling to help him cope with his actions as well as to cope with his prior history of being a victim. Having therapy and counseling can help the individual to adjust to his new environment and also be relieved mentally of being abused as a child physically and mentally as well as being a victim to a disgusting crime of incest as a child.It is sad to say that he went from being the victim to the murderer when things could have ended up differently for him and his now deceased father. Intermediate Sanction Intermediate sanctions focus primarily on nonviolent offenders, in order to reduce the costs of lengthy prison terms and to reduce the amount of individuals housed in prisons for minor offenses. In addition, some intermediate sanctions provide offenders with treatment options that the prison system is not capable of providing because of the current budget.In light of the recent increase in the prison population, certain alternative sentencing options currently exist in the criminal justice system. â€Å"Because many States are concerned about the fiscal ramifications of recent increases in sentence lengths for violent crimes, the combination of sentencing guidelines and intermediate sanctions has been seen as a cost-effective means to direct violent offenders to appropriate prison sentences and many nonviolent offenders to appropriate community sanctions† (Tonry, 1997, pg.7).In the case of the twenty-three year old man who murdered his stepfather, the intermediate sanctions alternative would normally not apply to su ch a case. In consideration of the current facts pertaining to budget issues within the criminal justice system, perhaps certain exceptions are of consideration in this case taking into account the offender’s previous record. The form of intermediate sanction that would hold the most promise for the offender in this case would be shock probation/parole.Since the offender has no previous record of any kind and considered a nonviolent person, based on his previous record, and is at a low risk for reoffending, and the individual does not pose an initial threat to his community. The â€Å"shock† probation form of intermediate sanctions provides the offender, in this case, with a brief exposure to prison life over a few months (which the offender in this case will not be comfortable with in relation to his non-existing criminal record). This sanction will allow the judge to reconsider initial sentencing and bring the offender before the judge to determine the outcome of the sentence.The overall concept of shock probation is to deter individuals from potential criminal behavior in the future, and provide the individual with a taste, so to speak, of what is in store for the offender if he decides to pursue a criminal life-style (Peak, 2010). Under the â€Å"shock† probation sanction, individuals’ need to obtain a sponsor within the community who will take responsibility for the offender’s actions, while communicating directly with the probation officer. Deming the applicant as a nonviolent person, the offender should have no problem obtaining a sponsor within the community.The selected sponsor is responsible for providing resources to the probation officer, such as providing transportation, compliance, and with legal standards, such as curfew and other restrictions, and to assist the individual with adequate shelter and maintain employment if necessary (Peak, 2010). Conclusion By understanding this case study it allowed for us to ex amine the four key parts around Casey’s response in relation to the Probation Supervisor. By evaluating all aspects of this case study we were able to identify with Casey’s point of view.When looking at any kind of response to the media, it shows you must be collective and precise in what you disclose. With the incorporation of the Probation Officer’s recommendation, intermediate sanctions are required in order for correct proceedings to be in effect. Fiscal ramifications often pose diminshing effects to the intermediate sanctions. Taking all these points of views into consideration, one will have more information to evaluate when determing interaction with the media and Probation Officers.

What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of being a youth Essay - 1

What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of being a youth mentor in a formal setting Evaluate with reference to two examples - Essay Example Take for example, a reformed gangster, who managed to leave such kind of life, and pursue a normal and honest lifestyle (Mullen and Lang, 2005, p. 33). One of the characteristics of a mentor is an individual whom people admire, and want to identify themselves with (Epstein, Maw, Elwood and Hey, 2009). Mullen and Lang (2005) explain that a mentor should be a person who has good virtues and morals. Through this requirement, Mullen and Lang (2005) believe that not everybody can become a mentor. They have to pass the morality test. This process of mentorship has existed since time immemorial i.e. during the time of the Ancient Greeks (Ball, 2006). For example, a well-known Greek philosopher, Plato, was a mentor to Aristotle, who also emerged as an important Greek philosopher (Gosnell, 2007, p. 27). By looking at the relationship between Aristotle and Plato, it is possible to understand that a mentee would always seek to learn from the mentor and their relationship is informal (Cheng, Payne and Witherspoon, 1995). This is because Aristotle never taught Plato within a formal classroom. From a historical perspective therefore, mentorship is a process that was used to train scholars and leaders (Gosnell, 2007, p. 33). For example, Aristotle played a role in mentoring Alexander the Great, a famous Persian emperor who conquered almost half of the entire world. The focus of the mentoring process is to impart wisdom and knowledge to an individual and based on this, there is a need for techniques and measures that can be used in the mentorship process (Cox, 2011, p. 14). This paper provides a critical evaluation on the advantages and disadvantages of being a youth mentor in a formal setting. In meeting the objectives of this paper, the concept of youth mentorship and the associated theories will be discussed. The researcher will use case studies to meet the objectives of this research. The case studies used are, the catalyst mentorship program, and the IBM

Issues concerning the rights of minority members in Australia and the Essay

Issues concerning the rights of minority members in Australia and the manner in which shareholder rights may be protected - Essay Example Australia is a nation with strong legal system with a higher level of legal protection for shareholders and creditors2 compared to other nations (La Porta et al, 1998, 1999).In this essay, the various issues concerning the minority shareholder rights in Australia and the different ways by which the shareholder rights may be protected are discussed in detail. This is organized as follows. In the second section, the theoretical perspectives of corporate governance and the problems between directors and shareholders are discussed. In the third section, the directors and shareholders; rights and obligations are discussed. In the fourth section, various issues regarding the minority shareholder rights are discussed. In the fifth section, various remedies for protecting minority shareholder rights are discussed in detail. The fifth section concludes the essay. Starting from classical economists like Smith (1776), Berle, and Means (1932), many studies have been done on the conflicts of interests between the principal or investors and the agent or managers. The idea of separating the concepts of ownership and control has been developed based on these studies. The role of corporate governance comes in this context. According to Shleifer and Vishny (1997), corporate governance is given a broad definition.Corporate governance â€Å" deals with the ways in which suppliers of finance to corporations assure themselves of getting a return on their investment†. OECD(1999) defines corporate governance as â€Å"the system by which business corporations are directed and controlled. The corporate governance structure specifies the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in the corporation, such as the board, managers, shareholders and other stakeholders, and spells out the rules and procedures for making decisions on corporate affairs. By doing this, it also provides the structure through which the company objectives are

Team resource management in aviation industry Essay - 1

Team resource management in aviation industry - Essay Example nce, to combat that crucial situation, the industry has ventured into various concepts such as Cockpit Resource Management (CRM), Crew Resource Management (CRM) and now Team Resource Management (TRM) to enhance the safety of the aircraft and the passengers. Therefore, this project study, Team Resource Management in the Aviation Industry is proposed to identify challenges and constraints in TRM after analysing its various elements. In the aviation industry, teamwork is one of the vital factors in sustaining and enhancing the safety and effectiveness in Air travel. After the success of CRM in aviation over the past decades, TRM has emerged as an improved version for managing the available resources for the operating personnel including pilots, Air Traffic Controllers (ATCs) and crew members. The study analyses the elements of the TRM concepts in aviation management. The study will also look at TRM training and its most important factors. The significance of TRM in flight management as well as its effectiveness on the flight crew members to provide safety and be less error prone will be identified. Common problems in flight management will be unveiled in the study as well as solutions to identified problems. Various air accidents and incidents will be quoted and discussed to make the focus very candid. Since TRM is considered one of the best strategies, all available resources are utilised to the optimum level c arefully and properly to accomplish the safety of the aircraft and the passengers Team Resource Management (TRM) is a  set of training procedures and techniques for use in environments where human error can have devastating effects. Used primarily for improving air safety, TRM focuses on interpersonal communication, leadership and decision making in the cockpit, in addition to other elements of human factors (SkyBrary). According to the Irish Aviation Authority, TRM is a philosophy, which helps to realise that human beings are error prone.It not only helps